The Effect Of Prostaglandins On The Inflammation Pathway...

The role of prostaglandins in the inflammation pathway and the mechanism of action of NSAIDs Student ID: 51555517 Date: 11-11-2015 Inflammation is a defense reaction, whereby harmful factors are removed and tissue structure and function are restored. During the acute phase of inflammation, first neutrophils will arrive, followed by monocytes. The monocytes mature into inflammatory macrophages and will finally affect the function of the resident tissue macrophages [Figure 1]. These responses lead to swelling, redness, heat and often pain. Once the first stimulus is removed, the reaction will stop and the inflammatory cells will be returned to pre-inflammatory numbers. Prostaglandins play an important role in immune reactions and are therefore often targeted by anti-inflammatory drugs, such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The specific role of prostaglandins and the mechanism of action of NSAIDs will be discussed (Ricciotti; FitzGerald, 2011). Figure 1. Basic diagram of acute inflammation (Reilkoff; Bucala et al., 2011) Prostaglandins in general Prostaglandins are formed when arachidonic acid is released from the plasma membrane by phospholipases [Figure 2]. This acid is metabolized by PGG/H synthase or cyclooxygenase (COX). The four main bioactive prostaglandins are generated in vivo: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2).Show MoreRelatedThe Suppression Of Pain And Inflammation2597 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction 1.1. Inflammation The suppression of pain and inflammation has been a major goal of medical treatment throughout the ages. Inflammation is an essential response to any noxious stimulus which threatens the host and may vary from a localized response to a more generalized one. [1, 2, 3] The inflammation sequence can be summarized as follows: †¢ Initial injury causing release of inflammatory mediators (e.g. histamine, serotonin, leukotriene, SAS-A, lysosomes enzymes and prostaglandins). †¢ VasodilationRead MoreAdrenal Gland9709 Words   |  39 Pagesglucose uptake into muscle and fat cells * It strengthens cardiac muscle contractions * It increases water retention * It has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects Androgens They are produced in the zona reticularis. The most important androgens include: * Testosterone: a hormone with a wide variety of effects, ranging from enhancing muscle mass and stimulation of cell growth to the development of the secondary sex characteristics. * Dihydrotestosterone (DHT): a metaboliteRead MorePathogram: Chronic Respiratory Failure Essays7624 Words   |  31 Pagesordered a sepsis bundle, cardiac |Left-sided pneumonia with pleural effusion- Pneumonia is an| | |enzymes every 6 hours, ABGS every 12 hours, and |inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Bacteria, |Medications | |PICC line insertion for 03/19 for IV fluids, IV |viruses, fungi or parasites can cause pneumoniaRead MoreEstimation Of Plasma And Salivary9963 Words   |  40 PagesMAO Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor MDA Malondialdehyde MMP Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Mn-SOD Manganese Superoxide Dismutase NO Nitric Oxide NSAID Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug O2–†¢ Superoxide Anion OH†¢ Hydroxyl Radical OLP Oral Lichen Planus PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PFAPA Periodic Fever, Aphthous ulcer, Pharyngitis and Cervical Adenitis PG Prostaglandin PTX Pentoxyfylline PUFA Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids PV Pemphigus Vulgaris RAS Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis RAU Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration